Study Links Anti-Inflammatory Diet to Reduced Bone Loss in Women

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Osteoporosis is a major health concern for women over the age of 50, but this degenerative bone disease isn’t just limited to females. The National Institutes of Health (NIH) estimates that 53 million Americans currently have osteoporosis or are at risk of developing the disease. At least 1 in 3 women and 1 in 5 men will have an osteoporotic fracture at some point in their lifetime.

A recent study at Ohio State University evaluated the effects that diet has on osteoporosis. Tonya Orchard, an assistant professor of human nutrition at Ohio State University, and colleagues analyzed data from the Women’s Health Initiative study and compared levels of inflammatory nutrients in the diet to bone mineral density and incidence of fractures.

The researchers found that women who adhered to anti-inflammatory diets – which are high in fruits, vegetables, fish, and whole grains – lost less bone density during a six year follow-up than women who consumed the highest inflammatory diets, even if they started with lower bone density overall.

“This suggests that as women age, healthy diets are impacting their bones,” said Orchard in a press release. “I think this gives us yet another reason to support the recommendations for a healthy diet in the Dietary Guidelines for Americans.”

Rebecca Jackson, director of Ohio State’s Center for Clinical and Transitional Science, national chair of the Women’s Health Initiative steering committee and senior study author, said these findings confirm previous studies which have linked osteoporosis to inflammatory factors.

“By looking at the full diet rather than individual nutrients, these data provide a foundation for studying how components of the diet might interact to provide benefit and better inform women’s health and lifestyle choices,” she adds.

The findings of this study are published in the Journal of Bone and Mineral Density (Source: Medical News Today).

5 Recent Developments in Colorectal Cancer Incidence and Prevention

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Statistics show that colorectal cancer rates have dropped by 23 percent over the last two decades. But despite this promising trend, colorectal cancer remains the third most common cancer in American men and women today. According to the American Cancer Society’s estimates, 95,520 new cases of colon cancer and 39,910 cases of rectal cancer will be diagnosed this year alone.

Medical information and technology are always changing, and as a result, we’ve seen significant improvements in colorectal cancer screenings, treatments and survival rates over the past several years. The following are some of the most recent trends in colorectal cancer incidence, screening and prevention:

Colorectal cancer rates are declining older adults but increasing in younger adults

Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates have dropped significantly in adults over the age of 50, but researchers have noticed a sharp increase in young and middle-aged adults. According to recent findings, people born in 1990 are twice as likely to be diagnosed with colon cancer and four times as likely to be diagnosed with rectal cancer as adults born in the 1950s. Researchers remain unsure as to why young adults are at increased risk, but poor lifestyle choices such as smoking, unhealthy diet, alcohol use, and sedentary lifestyle are possible explanations.

Research links smoking to synchronous colorectal cancers

A prospective study linked cigarette smoking with an increased risk for synchronous colorectal cancers. The study also found that smoking cessation may stop and even reverse these effects. “…these findings also highlight the importance of smoking cessation and abstinence as a component of CRC prevention strategies,” researchers said.

Sigmoidoscopy provides extended protection against colorectal cancer

The U.K. Flexible Sigmoidoscopy Screening Trial found that one sigmoidoscopy exam reduced the risk of colorectal cancer by one-third and provided 17 years of protection against colorectal cancer diagnosis and mortality. However, current screening guidelines by the American Cancer Society recommend:

  • Flexible sigmoidoscopy every 5 years
  • Colonoscopy every 10 years
  • Double-contrast barium enema every 5 years
  • CT colonography every 5 years

Fecal immunochemical testing (FIT) advocacy addresses racial disparities in colorectal cancer

A study published in JAMA Internal Medicine found that promoting FIT testing improved screening rates in underserved Haitian and Hispanic populations. Late-stage diagnosis and poor survival outcomes in these communities are typically due to lack of access to preventive screening. Researchers noted an 85 percent participation rate when screening tests were made available to study participants, most of whom were uninsured and lived below the poverty line.

Aspirin may reduce colorectal cancer risk

Findings presented at the Gastrointestinal Cancers Symposium suggest that a long-term aspirin regimen decreases the risk of developing colorectal cancer. However, this treatment also increases the risk for gastrointestinal bleeding. Physicians should weigh the potential risks and benefits of this particular treatment before prescribing an aspirin regimen (Source: Healio).

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See the World through Someone Else’s Eyes

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Sometimes you need to see the world from someone else’s point of view—literally. These three conditions are among the leading causes of blindness and vision loss in the world.

This useful tool allows you to virtually walk around streets with the vision of someone affected by cataracts, glaucoma or retinopathy. You can also adjust the severity of each condition so you can be more sympathetic to others who are affected by degenerative eye disease.

Here is what the street will look like with the three conditions:

  • Cataracts. A cataract is a clouding of the lens of the eye. Seeing through the cataract lens makes the street look fuzzy and blurred.
  • Glaucoma. Glaucoma refers to a family of diseases that damage the optic nerve when eye pressure increases to a dangerous level. Using the glaucoma lens makes the street look bright in certain areas and darker in others.
  • Retinopathy. This condition is characterized by blood vessel damage or leaking blood vessels in the back of the eye. The retinopathy lens shows spots or dark strings floating in your visual field.

Jeff Todd, the COO and vice president of partner organization Prevent Blindness said, “The simulator is one way to bring attention to these problems so someone with normal vision can type in their home address and see how much more challenging it is to see what you see on a daily basis.”

Keeping your vision healthy and strong is just a phone call away. The best way to prevent these three eye conditions is by scheduling regular comprehensive eye exams with your doctor. A comprehensive eye exam includes screenings for all three of these conditions. Vision damage from certain degenerative eye diseases can be irreversible, so get screened regularly to preserve your precious gift of sight (Source: Daily Mail).

Understanding Fibromyalgia

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Fibromyalgia is a chronic disorder that causes widespread musculoskeletal pain. The cause of fibromyalgia is unknown, but onset of symptoms usually begins after physical trauma, surgery, infection, or situations that cause extreme psychological stress.

Symptoms of fibromyalgia include fatigue, sleep disturbances, weakness, and memory or mood issues. However, the hallmark symptom of this condition is pain in certain areas called tender points. Not to be confused with trigger points which cause pain in another location of the body, tender points are parts of the body that become painful or sensitive when pressure is applied. Common tender points associated with fibromyalgia are:

  • Back of the head
  • Tops of shoulders
  • Upper chest
  • Outer elbows
  • Hips
  • Knees

Although fibromyalgia is not a life-threatening condition, it may interfere with your ability to perform daily activities. There is currently no cure for fibromyalgia, but certain treatments can be quite successful in managing symptoms and improving quality of life. These treatments include:

  • Pain relievers such as acetaminophen, ibuprofen or naproxen sodium to manage body aches and pains. Over-the-counter or prescription strength medications may be used, but narcotics are not recommended due to the risk of dependency
  • Antidepressants to relieve anxiety, depression, pain, fatigue, or sleep problems caused by fibromyalgia
  • Sleep aids to address sleep disturbances and improve sleep quality
  • Exercise to improve flexibility and muscle tone which may help alleviate painful symptoms
  • Getting adequate rest to help fight fatigue caused by fibromyalgia
  • Massage to relax tense muscles and boost levels of endorphins and serotonin, your body’s natural painkillers and mood regulators

If you regularly experience symptoms associated with fibromyalgia, schedule an appointment with your doctor for further evaluation. There is no test that can diagnose fibromyalgia, so your doctor will need to rely on your symptoms in order to make a diagnosis. Because of this, you may find it helpful to keep a symptom journal in the weeks leading up to your appointment. Keeping track of your symptoms, their severity, when they occur, and for how long will help you provide accurate, detailed information that your doctor can use to make the right diagnosis (Source: Medical News Today).

Bowel Prep Tips and Importance of a Thorough Cleansing

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Bowel prep. It’s hands-down the worst part of getting a colonoscopy, and yet, it’s probably the most important. A thorough bowel cleansing ensures that your gastroenterologist will be able to perform a high-quality exam and detect the presence of any abnormalities, such as colon polyps, during your procedure.

An estimated one in four colonoscopies is reported to have inadequate bowel preparation. This often results in prolonged examination times, reduced cecal intubation rates, decreased adenoma detection rates, and the need for repeat exams. In short, a poor bowel prep could lead to increased costs and complications with your procedure.

No one ever looks forward to getting a colonoscopy, but if you have to have one, it’s worth getting it right the first time. Here are some tips to help you through the bowel prep process so your doctor can perform a thorough exam:

  • Ask your doctor about a split-dose prep – A split-dose bowel preparation allows you to drink half of your bowel cleansing liquid the night before your exam and the remaining half on the morning of your procedure. This method is generally more tolerable for patients, and it has been shown to be more effective in cleansing the colon.
  • Drink it chilled – Put your laxative solution in the freezer for a few hours so it’s nice and chilled when you start to drink it. Keeping your solution cold will help tame any undesirable flavor.
  • Use a straw – If you’re struggling with the taste of your bowel prep solution, try drinking it through a straw and swallowing it quickly
  • Mix it with your favorite beverage – Mixing your bowel prep with Kool-Aid, Gatorade or Crystal Light can help mask the flavor. Just be sure to avoid anything with red, blue or purple dye.
  • Sip on soup broth – Flavorful broths can help satisfy your appetite when you’re restricted to a clear liquid diet
  • Snack on something sweet – Gummy bears, popsicles, Italian ice, Jell-O, and hard candy are all acceptable to eat during your colonoscopy preparation

A quality colonoscopy is one of your best defenses against colon cancer (Source: StopColonCancerNow). Do your part to ensure a thorough exam by following your bowel prep instructions completely and to the letter. It’s a one-day commitment that will protect your digestive health for years to come.

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Limit Exposure to Electronic Devices, Experts Say

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Research shows that too much screen time is posing a hazard to our vision, but few are willing to make a change until their vision is affected (Source: Yahoo News).

For years, eye care professionals have cautioned that overexposure to blue light could be more harmful than we realize. Electronic devices emit high-energy light waves that penetrate deep within the eyes and can cause chronic issues such as:

 

  • Headaches
  • Shoulder pain
  • Blurred vision
  • Neck pain
  • Sleep problems
  • Dry eye

From smart phones and tablets to LED monitors and flat-screen televisions, we are constantly exposing our eyes to blue light and putting ourselves at risk for eye damage. Although we cannot back-pedal when it comes to technology, we can implement some guidelines to safeguard our vision. Here are some ways that you can limit your exposure to blue-light and reduce your risk for vision-related issues:

  • Give your electronics an early bedtime. Turn off digital devices at least one hour before you go to bed, and don’t power them back up until morning. Blue light suppresses melatonin levels and can cause insomnia.
  • Keep your distance. Increase the distance between you and your digital device by using the zoom feature to see small print and details, instead of putting the device closer to your eyes.
  • Make your devices work for you. Adjust your device settings to reduce glare on screens or use a glare filter to decrease the amount of blue light reflected from the screen.
  • Implement the 20-20-20 rule. When you are using any device or computer, take a 20-second break and look away from the screen every 20 minutes and view something 20 feet away.
  • Call your eye care professional. Every year, schedule a full eye exam to maintain your vision health. Contact your eye doctor immediately if you experience any changes in your vision.

Less Than Half of Hip Fracture Patients Taking Recommended Vitamin D Supplements

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Vitamin D supplements are a known preventive treatment for osteoporosis, a degenerative bone disease that increases the risk of fractures in the spine, wrist, hip, arm, or leg.

May is National Osteoporosis Month, an annual campaign designated to raise awareness of the prevention and treatment techniques for osteoporosis. Approximately 44 million people in the United States have osteoporosis, and an additional 10 million people are at risk for the disease. Current guidelines by the U.S. Food and Nutrition Board recommend 600 International Units (IUs) of vitamin D daily for adults and 800 IUs for those over the age of 70 to strengthen bones and reduce the risk of fractures.

A Canadian study evaluated vitamin D intake among 573 hip fracture patients over the course of two years following hip fracture surgery. More than half of study participants were women, and the mean study age was 74.1. Researchers found that only 47.5 percent of patients consistently took the recommended amount of vitamin D supplements. Another 35.6 percent took supplements inconsistently, and less than 19 percent reported taking no vitamin D supplements at all.

“Vitamin D supplementation following hip fracture surgery is grossly under-prescribed,” said co-study author Mohit Bhandari, M.D., Professor and Academic Chair of the Division of Orthopaedic Surgery at McMaster University. “Given its potential to improve patient function independent of other therapies, it seems improved advocacy and education—aimed at doctors and patients—about vitamin D supplementation is both worthwhile and evidence-based.”

Vitamin D supplements are just one of many treatments that can help prevent subsequent fractures in osteoporosis patients. Other treatments include weight-bearing exercise, bone-strengthening medications, hormone supplements, and calcium supplements. The AAOS recommends that physicians screen and monitor elderly and at-risk patients for osteoporosis and assist them in receiving proper preventative treatment to reduce the risk of fractures (Source: OrthoSpineNews).

Colon Cancer Risk Increases among Adults Born in the ‘90s

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New data presented by the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute indicates that people born in 1990 are two times more likely to develop colon cancer and four times more likely to develop rectal cancer than people born in 1950. These findings are quite surprising, given that 90 percent of new colon cancer cases occur in adults over the age of 50.

Colorectal cancer incidence and mortality rates in older adults have dropped significantly over the past few decades. Researchers credit this progress in part to improved screening rates, which can detect the presence of colon polyps before they become cancerous. However, routine screenings are not generally recommended for adults under the age of 50, which means that young-onset colon cancer often goes undetected during its earliest, most treatable stages.

Rebecca Siegel, lead study author and epidemiologist at the American Cancer Society, said they have not yet identified the cause of this sharp increase in younger individuals. She did, however, point out that the rise in obesity mirrors trends in colon cancer. Certain factors associated with obesity, such as poor diet and sedentary behavior, are also risk factors for colon cancer, which could offer some explanation.

This study is not the first to detect a rise in young-onset colon cancer. Dr. George J. Chang, chief of colorectal surgery at MD Anderson Cancer Center, predicted two years ago that one in 10 colon cancers and one in four rectal cancers would be diagnosed in adults under the age of 50 by the year 2030.

The American Cancer Society is currently reviewing colorectal cancer screening guidelines to determine whether any changes need to be made (Source: CNN). However, young adults can still take preventive steps to reduce their colon cancer risk even if they are not eligible for screening. These steps include:

  • Maintaining a healthy weight
  • Eating a low-fat, high-fiber diet rich in fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and lean protein
  • Limiting alcohol intake
  • Exercising regularly
  • Limiting intake of red meats or processed meats
  • Not smoking
  • Recognizing colon cancer symptoms, such as changes in bowel habits, abdominal pain or blood in the stool

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Natural Tips to Keep Your Vision Healthy

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Give your diet a makeover

Piling your plate high with vegetables, fruits, whole grains, and lean proteins will help boost your eye health. Some of the most important nutrients for good vision are omega-3 fatty acids, lutein, zinc, and vitamins C and E, so try to increase your intake of leafy greens such as spinach, kale and collard greens. Fatty fish is an excellent source of omega-3 fatty acids, so look for recipes that include salmon, tuna and other oily fish. Nuts (especially walnuts) nourish the eyes as well as eggs, beans and other legumes. Oranges, citrus fruits and peppers are some of the best sources of vitamin C.

Wear your shades

Make sunglasses a part of your wardrobe 365 days a year. Ultraviolet radiation from the sun causes premature oxidation, or free radical damage, which can lead to cataracts and macular degeneration. Shades that offer offer 99-100 percent UVA and UVB protection and wrap around the face will protect your eyes from the harmful rays of the sun.

Reduce digital eye strain

According to the Vision Council, over 31 percent of Americans suffer from digital eye strain. Digital screens produce blue light, harmful light waves that penetrate deep within your eyes and can cause permanent damage. Most cases of digital eye strain can be managed by taking specific precautions including adjusting your computer monitor, wearing blue light filtering lenses, using anti-glare screens, and downloading blue light filters for your electronic devices. 

It is impossible to eliminate electronic devices in our digital world, but you can create good habits to protect your vision. Remember the 20-20-20 rule: every 20 minutes, take a 20 second break and look at an object at least 20 feet away. Dry eye is a common side effect of digital eye strain because we tend to blink less often when staring at a computer screen. Try writing yourself a note to “Blink More” and put the post-it on your computer monitor. Even small steps like this can make a significant impact on your comfort as well as your eye health.

Make regular appointments with your eye doctor

The best gift you can give to your eyes is an annual comprehensive eye exam. Eye exams help detect eye diseases like glaucoma which often have no symptoms, as well as refractive errors like nearsightedness, farsightedness and presbyopia. An eye exam also gives your eye doctor a glimpse into your overall wellness. It is not uncommon for ophthalmologists to identify chronic conditions like diabetes or hypertension because these diseases often affect the eyes. So get a comprehensive eye exam and you’ll receive a mini check-up as a bonus!

You can boost your eye health one choice at a time. Healthy Vision Month is just one way to remind us to re-committing to healthy habits that help maintain clear eyesight.

Stop Spring Allergies before They Start

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Sniffling, sneezing, watery eyes, and congestion are just a few issues that allergy sufferers expect to deal with all season long. And if you don’t get a head start on addressing your symptoms, you could be in for a long battle.

Seasonal allergies are caused by an overreaction in the immune system. When you inhale allergy triggers, such as pollen or mold spores, your immune system mistakenly identifies these particles as harmful substances and releases antibodies to neutralize the threat. These antibodies attach themselves to mast cells which release histamine, a chemical neurotransmitter that triggers allergy symptoms.

Controlling seasonal allergies often requires a multifaceted approach, and pre-treatment is a crucial step in this process. Pre-treating seasonal allergies turns on your body’s defenses so it is already prepared to handle allergens. Pre-treatment also helps prevent symptoms from compounding and becoming more difficult to treat.

There are some rules to follow when pre-treating seasonal allergies:

  • Mometasone furoate (Nasonex) or fluticasone propionate (Flonase) are nasal steroid sprays that can be used in advance. These medications treat more allergy symptoms than other drug classes, but they take a month to reach full effectiveness. Begin using nasal steroid spray once daily beginning one month prior to allergy season.
  • Oral antihistamines or antihistamine sprays or drops may also be used in advance, though they are not as effective as steroid sprays. Some antihistamines can cause drowsiness, making them a poor option for older adults at risk of falls.
  • Decongestant sprays are only meant to be used for a few days and are not appropriate for pre-treatment. Decongestant pills may be used to prevent nasal congestion, but they are not safe for individuals with hypertension or heart problems.

There are several treatment options that can help keep your allergy symptoms under control. Schedule an appointment with your doctor to discuss different therapies and develop a complete treatment plan that’s right for you. Taking preventive steps now will keep you breathing easy all season long (Source: Harvard Health).